Tin yokutidwa zitsulo pepala ndi Wuxi chrome yokutidwa zitsulo pepala (amene pano amatchedwa tinplate ngati palibe kusiyana kwapadera) ndi monga ziwiya zitsulo.Mu 2021, kufunikira kwapadziko lonse kwa tinplate kudzakhala pafupifupi matani 16.41 miliyoni (ma metric unit amagwiritsidwa ntchito m'mawuwo).Chifukwa cha kupatulira ndi mpikisano wa zida zina, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tinplate m'mayiko otukuka ndi zigawo (monga Japan, South Korea, United States, Canada, European Union, ndi zina zotero) kwatsika pang'onopang'ono, koma kukula kwake kwachuma m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene. wapanga ndi kupitirira kutsika uku.Pakali pano, kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa tinplate padziko lonse lapansi kukukulirakulira ndi 2% pachaka.Mu 2021, kutulutsa kwapadziko lonse kwa tinplate kudzakhala pafupifupi matani 23 miliyoni.Komabe, popeza kukula kwa mphamvu zopangira ku China kukuyembekezeka kupitilira kukula kwa kufunikira kwapakhomo, anthu akuda nkhawa kuti kusiyana pakati pa kupezeka ndi kufunikira kukukulirakulira.Pakali pano, ku Japan kumafuna tinplate pachaka ndi pafupifupi matani 900000, pafupifupi theka la chiŵerengero chapamwamba mu 1991.
Pansi pa zomwe zili pamwambapa, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti opanga ma tinplate aku Japan asunge mpikisano wazinthu zawo motsutsana ndi zida zina (monga polyethylene terephthalate ndi aluminiyamu) pamsika wapanyumba.Kuti izi zitheke, akuyenera kuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a akasinja achitsulo ndikuchepetsa ndalama kudzera pakuphatikizana koyima kudzera mu mgwirizano wapamtima ndi opanga matanki.Pamsika wakunja, ndikofunikira kuti agwiritse ntchito zida zapamwamba zomwe zidasonkhanitsidwa ndikukwezedwa pamsika wapakhomo kuti asiyanitse malonda awo ndi omwe akupikisana nawo, ndikuwongolera mpikisano wawo pogwiritsa ntchito mgwirizano wokhazikika ndi opanga amatha.
Kuphatikiza apo, nickel plated sheet zitsulo zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga chipolopolo cha batri.M'mundawu, ndikofunikiranso kwambiri kuti opanga ayankhe molondola pazosowa za ogwiritsa ntchito.Opanga ma tinplate aku Japan atha kukwaniritsa zofunikira zomwe zili pamwambapa pogwiritsa ntchito mokwanira luso lawo laukadaulo pantchito ya tinplate pazaka zambiri.
Pepalali likuwunikiranso za msika wa zida zotengera kunyumba ndi kunja ku Japan, ndikuwunikira zofunikira zomwe mabizinesi amayenera kukwaniritsa.
Kugwiritsa ntchito zitini za tinplate ku Japan ndizochepa
M'mayiko ambiri akunja, tinplate amagwiritsidwa ntchito kupanga zitini za chakudya, zitini zamkaka ndi zipewa za mabotolo.Ku Japan, kugwiritsa ntchito tinplate m'zitini za chakudya kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zitini zakumwa.Chifukwa chakuchulukirachulukira kwa zitini za aluminiyamu, makamaka Japan itachotsa chiletso cha mabotolo ang'onoang'ono a polyethylene terephthalate (500ml kapena kuchepera) mu 1996, mbale za malata m'dziko lino zidagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka kupanga zitini zakumwa khofi.Komabe, chifukwa cha chitetezo, zitini zambiri zakumwa khofi ku Japan zikadali zopangidwa ndi tinplate, chifukwa mitundu yambiri ya zakumwa za khofi ku Japan imakhala ndi mkaka.
Ponena za zitini za aluminiyamu ndi mabotolo a polyethylene terephthalate, mpikisano wawo wamsika pamsika wa zitini za zakumwa za khofi wakula kwambiri.Mosiyana ndi izi, ubwino waukulu wa akasinja achitsulo ndi chitetezo: kuyang'anitsitsa kwamayimbidwe (njira yowunikira kuwonongeka kwa zomwe zili mkati mwa kugunda pansi pa thanki ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya mkati mwa phokoso) imagwira ntchito pa akasinja achitsulo, osati matanki a aluminiyamu.Mphamvu za akasinja achitsulo zimatha kusunga kuthamanga kwawo kwamkati kuposa kuthamanga kwa mpweya.Komabe, ngati opanga zitsulo akupitirizabe kudalira phindu lalikululi, zitini zachitsulo zidzasinthidwa.Choncho, m'pofunika kuti opanga zitsulo apange mtundu watsopano wa zitini zachitsulo zomwe zili ndi ubwino waukulu kuposa zitini za aluminiyamu, zomwe zimakhala ndi makhalidwe okopa ogwiritsa ntchito ndipo zimatha kupezanso msika womwe umakhala ndi mabotolo a polyethylene terephthalate ndi zitini za aluminiyamu.
Kukula kwa zitini chakumwa ndi zipangizo zawo
Kubwereza mwachidule mbiri ya zitini zakumwa ndi zipangizo zawo.Mu 1961, chitukuko bwino cha TFS (chromium yokutidwa zitsulo pepala) ndi zitsulo chromium filimu ndi hydrated chromium okusayidi filimu anakhala chochitika kwambiri sensational m'munda wa chakumwa akhoza kupanga zipangizo ku Japan.Izi zisanachitike, ngakhale kuti tinplate inali maziko amakampani aku Japan akuwotchera komanso ukadaulo wazinthu zotengera, matekinoloje onse ofunikira adadziwika ndi mayiko akumadzulo.Monga chidebe chofunikira kwambiri, TFS idapangidwa ndi Japan, ndipo zogulitsa zake ndi njira zopangira zidatumizidwa kumayiko akumadzulo.Kukula kwa TFS kunaganizira za kuchepa kwa chuma cha malata padziko lonse lapansi, zomwe zinapangitsa TFS kudziwika kwambiri panthawiyo.Zitini zomangira utomoni zoziziritsa kukhosi zopangidwa ndi zida za TFS zidachepetsa kugulitsa kwa zitini za DI zokhala ndi pepala la aluminiyamu lopangidwa kuchokera ku United States lotumizidwa ndi Japan panthawiyo.Zitini zachitsulo pambuyo pake zidakhala zazikulu pamsika wa chakumwa cha ku Japan.Kuyambira pamenepo, "Super WIMA Njira" yopangidwa ndi Soudronic AG waku Switzerland yapangitsa opanga zitsulo ku Japan kupikisana kuti apange zida zowotcherera zitini.
Kukula kwa TFS kwatsimikizira kuti luso laukadaulo likuyenera kuthandizidwa ndi kufunikira kwakukulu kwa msika komanso luso laukadaulo.Pakalipano, palibe chiwopsezo chachikulu kwa opanga ma tinplate a ku Japan kuposa kutha kwa chuma cha malata."Chitetezo ndi kudalirika" ziyenera kukhala zodetsa nkhawa za nthawi yayitali.Pankhani ya zotengera zakudya ndi zakumwa, mayiko ali ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zochizira bisphenol A (BPA, chosokoneza endocrine), pomwe mayiko ena sachiza konse.Pakadali pano, njira za Japan pa "chitetezo ndi kudalirika" sizokwanira.Udindo wamakampani opangira matanki ndi zitsulo ndikupereka zotengera zosunga zachilengedwe, zothandizira komanso zopulumutsa mphamvu ndi zida zotengera.
Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku mbiri yachitukuko cha tinplate kuti pali mgwirizano wapamtima pakati pa chitukuko cha zitini zatsopano ndi zipangizo zatsopano zamzitini.Ponena za luso lamakono, ziwombankhanga za ku Japan zafika pamlingo wapadziko lonse lapansi, zomwe ndizokwanira kuthandizira makampani azitsulo aku Japan kuti apitirize kupanga zipangizo zatsopano ndi njira, ndikuzilimbikitsa padziko lonse lapansi pogwirizana kwambiri ndi mayiko ena.
Msika wapadziko lonse lapansi zida zowotchera
Padziko lonse lapansi msika wa zida zowotchera uli ndi izi: choyamba, kufunikira kwa zitini zachitsulo kukukulirakulira;chachiwiri, zitini za chakudya ndi zimene zimagulitsidwa kwambiri pamsika;chachitatu, kuperekedwa kwa zida za chidebe ndikuchulukirachulukira (makamaka ku China);chachinayi, opanga ma tinplate padziko lonse lapansi amapikisana pamitengo ndi mtundu.
Kukula kofulumira kwa mphamvu zoperekera zida zapadziko lonse lapansi zowotchera makamaka ku China.Zofunikira zikuwonetsa kuti kuyambira 2017 mpaka 2021, mphamvu yaku China yopanga matanki yakula ndi matani pafupifupi 4 miliyoni.Komabe, pafupifupi 90% ya ma tinplates apakati ndi otsika amapangidwa ndi zitsulo zachitsulo zozizira.Malinga ndi tanthauzo la JIS (Japanese Industrial Standard) ndi mfundo zina zodziwika padziko lonse lapansi, mayiko otukuka amapanga tinplate kukhala MR, D kapena L zitsulo (malinga ndi JIS G 3303) poyang'anira bwino zitsulo, ndiyeno sinthani zomwe sizili zitsulo. inclusions malinga ndi ntchito mapeto, ndi mosamalitsa kulamulira ndondomeko pa otentha anagubuduza, ozizira anagubuduza, annealing ndi tempering anagubuduza, kuti apeze ntchito chofunika tinplate gawo lapansi.Mulimonsemo, ma tinplate otsika amakhala ndi gawo lina la msika.
Kodi opanga achite chiyani mtsogolo?
Mulingo waukadaulo waku Japan pantchito yopangira ziwiya zam'chitini ndi zitsulo zazitsulo umadziwika kuti ndi wapamwamba kwambiri padziko lonse lapansi.Komabe, ukadaulo womwe watsimikiziridwa kuti ukugwira ntchito ku Japan sungathe kufalikira kumayiko ena, womwe ndi gawo la msika.Pamene kudalirana kwa mayiko kunakhala mawu omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku Japan, ngakhale kuti makampani opanga chitsulo aku Japan achita kudalirana kwa mayiko amitundu yamakampani (zochokera ku malo opangira ukadaulo waku Japan, zomera zopangira malata zimamangidwa kunja), ukadaulo wa TFS udagawidwa ndi anzawo kunja kwa zaka 50. m'mbuyomu, kukulitsa kwa mgwirizano waukadaulo wamalire adaletsedwa kwa nthawi yayitali.Kuti awonetsere momwe alili pamsika, makampani opanga zitsulo ku Japan akuyenera kugwirizanitsa matekinoloje omwe akupanga ndikulimbikitsa ku China.
Tingaphunzire kuchokera ku chitukuko chaukadaulo cha ku Japan pankhaniyi kuti chitukuko chachikulu chaukadaulo chimachokera ku ubale wapamtima pakati pa opanga zitsulo ndi zitini.Zogulitsa za tinplate zikagulitsidwa kwa ogwiritsa ntchito akunja, cholinga cha ogwiritsa ntchitowa chimakhala pakupanga zinthu zokha, m'malo mokhazikika.M'tsogolomu, kwa opanga ma tinplate aku Japan, ndikofunikira kuwunikira zabwino zazinthu zawo pophatikiza mphamvu zotsimikizira za mapaketi ndi zitini.
——Chepetsani mtengo wa zitini.
Opanga canners ayenera kukhudzidwa kwambiri ndi mtengo wopangira, womwe ndi maziko a mpikisano wawo.Komabe, mpikisano wamtengo wapatali suyenera kudalira mtengo wachitsulo, komanso zokolola, ndondomeko yowotchera komanso mtengo.
Kusintha annealing batch kukhala annealing mosalekeza ndi njira yochepetsera mtengo.Nippon Iron yapanga mbale ya malata yosalekeza yomwe ingalowe m'malo mwa mbale ya belu ya annealed malata, ndipo yalimbikitsa zinthu zatsopanozi kwa opanga zitini.Asanatumizedwe kuchokera ku fakitale, kukana kwa mapepala achitsulo kosalekeza kumakhala kochepa, ndipo khalidwe la mankhwala a koyilo yachitsulo iliyonse ndi lokhazikika, kotero kuti makasitomala amatha kupeza bwino kwambiri pokonza, kuchepetsa kulephera kwa kupanga, ndi kukwaniritsa kupambana-kupambana.Pakali pano, kupanga ma annealing tinplate mosalekeza atenga madongosolo ambiri opangira chitsulo cha Japan.
Tengani magawo atatu a chakudya chodyera monga chitsanzo.M'mbuyomu, zida zozizira zozizira (SR) zokhala ndi makulidwe a 0.20mm ~ 0.25mm zidagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri.Nippon Iron ikuwonetsa kuti m'malo mwake asinthe ndi chinthu champhamvu chachiwiri chozizira (DR) chokhala ndi makulidwe a 0.20 mm kapena kuchepera.Ndi njirayi, kugwiritsira ntchito kwa zida kumachepetsedwa chifukwa cha kusiyana kwa makulidwe, ndipo mtengo umachepetsedwa molingana.Monga tanenera kale, mankhwala zikuchokera zitini zitsulo pepala mosamalitsa ankalamulira, ndipo makulidwe ake ali pafupi ndi malire m'munsi mwa mafakitale ozizira adagulung'undisa zitsulo, kotero yachiwiri ozizira anagubuduza akhoza bwino kuchepetsa mankhwala makulidwe.
Pamene njira yachiwiri yopukutira yozizira imatengedwa, makulidwe a zitsulo zoyambira amachepetsedwanso pa mphero yaukali pambuyo pa annealing, kotero pamene elongation yachepetsedwa, mphamvu zakuthupi zimawonjezeka.Panthawi yopangira chitoliro, izi nthawi zambiri zimabweretsa kung'ambika kwa flange pafupi ndi cholumikizira chowotcherera, kapena ma ripples popanga chivundikiro kapena zitini ziwiri.Kutengera zomwe zidachitika m'mbuyomu, Japan Iron Company idathetsa mavuto omwe ali pamwambawa pogwiritsa ntchito tinplate yocheperako yakuzizira yachiwiri, ndipo idapatsa aliyense wogwiritsa ntchito zida zoyenera zamitundu yosiyanasiyana yazitini ndi njira zopangira, kuti achepetse mtengo wowotchera.
Mphamvu ya chakudya imatha kutengera mawonekedwe ake komanso mphamvu zake zakuthupi.Kuti adziwitse zida zoyenerera ndikugwiritsa ntchito amatha kupanga, Nippon Iron adapanga "factory can virtual" - njira yofananira yomwe imatha kuyesa mphamvu ya zitini za chakudya molingana ndi kusintha kwa zida ndi mawonekedwe.
——Yang’anani pa “chitetezo ndi kudalirika”.
Popeza mbale ya malata imagwiritsidwa ntchito popangira zakudya ndi zakumwa, opanga zitsulo ali ndi udindo wopereka zipangizo zotetezeka komanso zodalirika kwa ogwiritsa ntchito kunyumba ndi kunja.Mbale yachitsulo yopanda bisphenol A ndi zinthu zotere.Japan Iron&Steel Co., Ltd. nthawi zonse imayang'anira malamulo oteteza chilengedwe padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo yatsimikiza mtima kupitiliza kukhala mtsogoleri wapadziko lonse wopanga zida zotetezeka komanso zodalirika popanga ndikupereka mapepala achitsulo ogwirizana ndi chilengedwe.
Mawonekedwe amsika ndi chiyembekezo chofuna chitsulo cha nickel plated steel sheet
Kaya m'mbuyomu, apano kapena amtsogolo, thanki yachitsulo ndiye mtundu wabwino kwambiri wa chidebe.Ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti opanga agwirizane kwambiri ndi ogwiritsa ntchito, kutsata limodzi mphamvu ndi zopindulitsa pazachuma, ndikupanga ndikupereka zida zokomera chilengedwe.Pali ambiri opanga mapepala azitsulo padziko lonse lapansi omwe akufuna kuwonjezera mphamvu zawo zopangira (makamaka m'mayiko omwe akutukuka kumene).
Chitsulo cha chitsulo cha Nickel ndi mtundu wina wa chidebe chopangidwa ku Japan.Zipolopolo za mabatire oyambirira (monga mabatire owuma a alkaline) ndi mabatire achiwiri (monga mabatire a lithiamu, mabatire a nickel metal hydride ndi mabatire a nickel cadmium) amapangidwa ndi chitsulo cha nickel plated sheet.Kukula kwa msika wapadziko lonse wazitsulo zazitsulo za nickel ndi pafupifupi matani 250000 / chaka, pomwe mbale zomatira zimakhala pafupifupi theka.Mbale precoated ali ❖ kuyanika yunifolomu ndipo chimagwiritsidwa ntchito ku Japan ndi mayiko akumadzulo kupanga mabatire pulayimale ndi mkulu capacitance sekondale mabatire.
Kukula kwa msika wa pepala lachitsulo la nickel ndi kakang'ono kwambiri kuposa kapepala kachitsulo, ndipo chiwerengero cha ogulitsa ndi chochepa.Ogulitsa akuluakulu padziko lonse lapansi ndi Tata India (owerengera pafupifupi 40% ya msika), Toyo Steel Co., Ltd. waku Japan (owerengera pafupifupi 30%) ndi Japan Iron (pafupifupi 10%).
Pali mitundu iwiri ya pepala lopaka faifi tambala: pepala lokhala ndi faifi takutidwa ndi chinsalu choyatsira kutentha chokhala ndi zokutira faifi tambala wothira chitsulo gawo lapansi likatenthedwa.Popeza palibe chithandizo chowonjezera chomwe chimafunikira kupatula kuyika kwa faifi tambala ndi kutentha kwapawiri, zimakhala zovuta kuti opanga asiyanitse malonda awo ndi omwe akupikisana nawo.Pamene miyeso yakunja ya mabatire imakhala yokhazikika, opanga mabatire amapikisana wina ndi mnzake pakuchita kwa batri (malingana ndi mphamvu yamkati), zomwe zikutanthauza kuti msika umafunikira mbale zocheperako zazitsulo.Kuti achulukitse gawo la msika ndikulimbikitsa chitukuko chamakampani opanga mabatire, kupanga chitsulo ku Japan kuyenera kutengera zosowa za opanga mabatire ndikuchita zabwino zake pakuphatikiza njira zopangira.
Kufunika kwa mapepala achitsulo opangidwa ndi nickel mumsika wa batire kupatulapo magalimoto agalimoto kukukwera pang'onopang'ono.Makampani opanga zitsulo ku Japan akukumana ndi mwayi wabwino wotsogolera msika poyankha moyenera zosowa za opanga mabatire.Pazaka makumi angapo zapitazi, ukadaulo wochepetsera makulidwe opangidwa ndi kupanga chitsulo ku Japan pantchito yopanga ma tinplate udzakwaniritsa bwino msika wamafuta azitsulo a nickel okhala ndi mabatire.Chigoba cha batire lagalimoto chimapangidwa makamaka ndi aluminiyamu kapena aluminium zojambulazo laminate ndi filimu yapulasitiki.
Kwa opanga zitsulo, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchitapo kanthu pakufufuza ndi chitukuko cha ntchito zachitsulo.
Nthawi yotumiza: Dec-01-2022